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"Abdou, Ashraf"
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Aspects of the Syntactic Behaviour of Arabic Idioms: A Corpus Analysis
This paper focuses on the syntactic behaviour of Arabic idioms and any restrictions on this behaviour. Examining such restrictions contributes to a better understanding of he nature of this important aspect of language and of its relationship to other lexical and syntactic aspects.
Journal Article
A Case Study to Identify the Hindrances to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) have proven to be a crucial factor to decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. However, there are various hurdles that impede people from purchasing EVs. For example, long charging time, short driving range, cost and insufficient charging infrastructures available, etc. This article reports the public perception of EV-adoption using statistical analyses and proposes some recommendations for improving EV-adoption in Qatar. User perspectives on EV-adoption barriers in Qatar were investigated based on survey questionnaires. The survey questionnaires were based on similar studies done in other regions of the world. The study attempted to look at different perspectives of the adoption of EV, when asked to a person who is aware of EVs (technical respondents—people studying/working at universities/research centers and policy makers) or a person who may or may not be aware of EVs (non-technical respondents—people working in banks, governments and private non-academic organizations, etc.). Cumulative survey responses from the two groups were compared and analyzed using two-sample t-test statistical analysis. Detailed analyses showed that—among various major hindrances—raising of public awareness of such greener modes of transportation, the availability of charging options in more places and policy incentives towards EVs would play a major role in EV-adoption. The authors provide recommendations that—along with government incentives—could help make a gradual shift to a greater number of EVs convenient for people of Qatar. The proposed systematic approach for such a study and analysis may help in streamlining research on policies, infrastructures and technologies for efficient penetration of EVs in Qatar.
Journal Article
A Case Study to Identify the Hindrances to Widespread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Qatar
The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) have proven to be a crucial factor to decreasing the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the atmosphere. However, there are various hurdles that impede people from purchasing EVs. For example, long charging time, short driving range, cost and insufficient charging infrastructures available, etc. This article reports the public perception of EV-adoption using statistical analyses and proposes some recommendations for improving EV-adoption in Qatar. User perspectives on EV-adoption barriers in Qatar were investigated based on survey questionnaires. The survey questionnaires were based on similar studies done in other regions of the world. The study attempted to look at different perspectives of the adoption of EV, when asked to a person who is aware of EVs or a person who may or may not be aware of EVs. Cumulative survey responses from the two groups were compared and analyzed using a two sample t-test statistical analysis. Detailed analyses showed that among various major hindrances raising of public awareness of such greener modes of transportation, the availability of charging options in more places and policy incentives towards EVs would play a major role in EV-adoption. The authors provide recommendations that along with government incentives could help make a gradual shift to a greater number of EVs convenient for people of Qatar. The proposed systematic approach for such a study and analysis may help in streamlining research on policies, infrastructures and technologies for efficient penetration of EVs in Qatar.
Paper
Insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s disease: the role of defective insulin signaling and inflammation
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in the elderly, accounting for 60–80% of cases. The present study was to explore the role of insulin resistance and inflammatory processes in AD patients and to assess the effect of an insulin sensitizer (pioglitazone) on cognition and plasma levels of the amyloid beta derivative. Also, the study aimed to verify experimentally the effect of pioglitazone on the components of brain insulin signaling pathway and inflammatory pathway. Materials and methods We studied the impact of pioglitazone treatment on diabetic AD patients for 6 months with concomitant study of pioglitazone effect on insulin signaling pathway on diabetic AD rats. Results We report that pioglitazone 6 months treated patients has a positive effect on cognitive deficit, improve neurometabolic and decreasing neuroinflammation in diabetic AD patients, and it also was associated with a positive effect on insulin-signaling pathway plus its antioxidant effect on the brain of rats. Conclusion There is a strong association between AD and type 2 diabetes mellitus indicating that they share similar underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Pioglitazone-treated diabetic AD patients were associated with improvement in cognition.
Journal Article
Detection of serum p53 protein in patients with different gastrointestinal cancers
Overexpression of p53 has been found in many types of human malignancy. The present study aimed to detect preoperative serum p53 among 158 patients with different gastrointestinal cancers using ELISA technique based on mouse anti-p53 DO-7 monoclonal antibody and anti-p53 rabbit polyclonal antibody. A single band of 53
kDa was detected in nuclear protein tissue extracts of selected cancer patients and in 96% of the corresponding sera using Western blot assay. The ELISA technique revealed that the serum p53 was detected in 100% of patients with cholangiocarcinoma, 76% of pancreatic carcinoma, 75% of hepatocellular carcinoma, 70% of colon cancer, 60% of esophagus carcinoma, and 35% of gastric carcinoma. The serum p53 concentrations of the positive patients were highly elevated (
P<0.001) compared with healthy individuals. These results suggest that immunodetection of serum p53 could be valuable for post-operative monitoring during follow up in preoperatively positive patients with gastrointestinal cancers.
Journal Article
Cross-sectional study and genotyping of rotavirus-A infections in ruminants in Kuwait
Abstract Background Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are zoonotic pathogens responsible for acute enteritis in human and neonatal ruminants. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of RVA in ruminants (cattle, sheep, and goats) and investigate the circulating RVA genotypes in these animals in Kuwait. We conducted a cross-sectional study to detect RVA in ruminants, using an immunochromatography test (IC), direct sandwich ELISA test, and real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assay using fecal samples. Results A total of 400 cattle, 334 sheep, and 222 goats were examined. The prevalence of RVA was 5.3, 1.2, and 2.3%, respectively, using IC. The ELISA test detected RVA from 4.3% of cattle, 0.9% of sheep, and 1.8% of goats. There was a significant association between the occurrence of diarrhea and the presence of RVA in bovine fecal samples ( p- value = 0.0022), while no statistical association between diarrhea and the presence of RVA in fecal samples of sheep and goats was observed ( p- value = 0.7250; p- value = 0.4499, respectively). Twenty-three of the IC-positive samples (17 from cattle, two from sheep, and four from goats) were tested using a RT-qPCR RVA detection assay targeting the NSP3 gene. The results showed that 21 of 23 IC-positive samples tested positive by RT-qPCR. Detection of RVA genotypes revealed that G10P[11] was the predominant strain in cattle (58.8%), followed by G8P[1] (11.7%). One sheep sample was genotyped as G8P[1]. In addition, G6P[1] and G6P[14] were detected in goat samples. Conclusion The present study revealed that the IC was more sensitive in detecting RVA antigen in fecal samples than the ELISA test. A higher occurrence of RVA infection was observed in cattle than in sheep and goats. This study suggests that RVA might be a risk factor of diarrhea in bovine calves less than 2 weeks old. This research also demonstrates the circulation of RVA in sheep and goat populations in Kuwait. Finally, the G10P[11] RVA genotype was the most prevalent genotype identified from cattle samples.
Journal Article
Neural machine translation: past, present, and future
Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved great success in several research areas like information retrieval, image processing, and speech recognition. In the field of machine translation, neural machine translation (NMT) has been able to overcome the statistical machine translation (SMT), which has been the dominant technology for a long-term span of time. The recent machine translation approach, which consists of two sub networks named an encoder and a decoder, has gained state-of-the-art performance on different benchmarks and for several language pairs. The increasing interest of researchers in NMT is due to its simplicity compared to SMT which consists of several components tuned separately. This paper describes the evolution of NMT. The different attention mechanism architectures are discussed and the purpose of each. The paper also presents some toolkits that are developed specifically for research and production of NMT systems. The superiority of NMT over SMT is discussed, as well as the problems facing NMT.
Journal Article